*What is meant by engineering materials?
Answer: Materials of different quality, quality and strength are used in the construction of engineering materials. Engineers consider cost-effectiveness, safety, security, beauty and durability for construction. Materials used in engineering construction are called engineering materials. Examples of engineering materials are bricks, sand, iron, rods etc.
* What is the name of commonly used engineering materials?
Answer: Brick, stone, sand, cement, lime, plaster, wood, glass, iron and steel, paint, varnish, plastic, rubber, ceramic, clay, bamboo, wood, bitumen and bituminous materials etc.
* What is a brick? What are the harmful elements of brick soil?
Answer: Brick is a material made from clay in molds of specific size which is very soft in raw state and becomes very hard when fired at high temperature. Bricks are used for building walls and khows. The harmful elements of brick soil are- 1. Extra lime 2. Excess organic matter 3. Presence of salts 4. Presence of pebbles 5. Presence of iron pyrites.
*Mention the chemical composition of soil ideal for brick preparation.
Answer: Chemical constituents of soil ideal for brick preparation are as follows-
1. Silica = 55%
2. Alumina = 30%
3. Iron Oxide = 8%
4. Magnesia = 5%
5. Lime = 1%
6. Organic matter = 1%
*Write the properties of first grade brick.
Answer:
1. Bricks shall be hard, durable, solid structure, free from cracks, cracks.
2. The color of the brick will be dark red color and the color is uniform.
3. Another brick or hammer will make a metallic sound.
4. Bricks shall be uniform in shape and surfaces shall be parallel but uneven.
5. A normal scratch with a nail or a nail will not leave a scar.
6. If soaked for 24 hours, it will not absorb more than 1/6 of its own weight in water.
7. Brick volume will not change when soaked in water or change in humidity.
8. The thermal conductivity of the best brick will be minimal.
9. Standard bricks are non-combustible and do not aid in combustion.
10. Bricks shall not contain excess lime or lime.
11. The dissolved salt content of bricks shall not exceed 2.5%.
12. The brick will not be under-burnt or over-burnt.
*Write Short Note- (1) 1st Class or No. 1 Brick
(2) 2nd Class or No. 2 Brick
(3) 3rd class or No. 3 brick
(4) Medium brick.
Answer:
1st Class Brick: It is hard, durable, solid structure, free from cracks, cracks. It is dark red copper in color. It is non-flammable and does not aid in combustion. The proof size of first class brick is 240mm*112mm*70mm, weight is 3.125 kg and water absorption capacity is 15% to 20% of dry weight. The price of this brick is much higher than other bricks.
2nd Class Bricks: 2nd class bricks may be less red in color or solid like 1st class bricks but uneven in shape and size. Class 2 bricks have less smoothness on the outside. This class of bricks is burnt like the first class but with cracks in the brick. This brick breaks easily and absorbs 1/4 its weight in water when submerged in water for more than 12 hours. 3rd Class Bricks:
3rd class bricks are yellowish red in color. It is a softer and less burnt brick than 1st and 2nd class bricks. They are uneven and break easily.
Medium Brick: Used for paving and as foundation or sub-floor soling. It is the broken part of the brick which means the brick is considered half when it is broken into half in size.
*Briefly describe any three field-tests used to determine brick quality:
Answer:
1. A good brick nail will not scratch if you try to cut it. If it cracks, the brick is not good.
2. If a brick hits another brick with a metallic sound, then the brick is a good brick.
3. If two bricks are dropped from a height of 1.5m-1.7m like English letter T and do not break, then the brick is of good quality.
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