* What does transportation engineering mean? How many types of means of transportation?
Answer: The technology or science that deals with planning, designing, constructing, repairing and maintaining proper transportation is called transportation engineering.
Transportation is mainly of four types,
For example- 1. Highway 2. Water way 3. Rail way 4. sky way
* What is called highway engineering?
Answer: Discussing the planning, design, construction, operation and maintenance of roads and other related issues etc. Either is called highway engineering.
* What is the alignment of road? Write the principles of determining alignment.
Answer: Denoting the position of design road with the help of center line is called alignment.
Principles of Alignment:
1. The proposed road distance will be as short as possible.
2. The proposed alignment will correlate with the country's latest plan.
3. It will provide the most economical communication facility.
4. It will be equipped with large diameter bends and drainage capacity suitable for vehicular traffic.
5. It will avoid river-drainage friend land area.
* What are the alignment control issues?
Answer: The alignment control issues are given below:
1. Safe bearing capacity of soil
2. Maximum flood floor
3. Availability of essential goods
4. Number and types of vehicles
5. Suitability of geometric elements
6. Nature of land
7. Location of rivers, railways.
* What are the characteristics of macadam roads?
Answer: The characteristics of macadam roads are as follows-
1. Providing slope at the rate of 1:36 on subgrade and road surface.
2. Providing subgrade slope for subgrade consolidation and drainage.
3. Determine the aggregate size of the wearing layer thus sustaining the impacts of animal driven vehicle wheels.
4. 5 cm 10 cm with smaller broken stones. Thick foundation construction.
* What is the preliminary observation survey of road? Why is the initial monitoring of the road?
Answer: In the area where the road is to be constructed, the survey which is carried out with equipment in a wide area along the alignment is called observation survey by looking at the topographical map and Mouza map and fixing some alternative alignments of the road.
In order to determine the alignment of the road in the proposed area, a preliminary survey is conducted to determine the general characteristics of the target area, to determine the most suitable alignment from the selected alignments by conducting various types of "map studies" of the area.
* What do you mean carriage way or pavement?
Answer: The paved part of the road over which vehicles move is called carriage way or pavement.