Justice in the family and the rights of the child

The family is the basic unit of society. If justice is established in a family, then children grow up to be moral, educated and responsible people. Islam clearly states that it is a great sin to discriminate between children. Allah Almighty says in the Quran, ‘Set aside for children a portion equal to that of two daughters.’ (Surah: An-Nisa, verse: 11)

This indicates that the rights of every child must be ensured. The Hadith states: ‘You should maintain equality in giving and receiving gifts among your children.’ (Sahih Bukhari and Muslim)

Discrimination between children, neglecting them or cheating them is a serious crime in Islamic view. When a father deprives the children of one family while he is alive and takes the side of another family, it is not only a family loss, but also a violation of the moral command of Allah.

The distribution of property in the family is not just a matter of money, it is a question of the psychological security and trust of the children. When a child is deprived of the right to receive what he deserves, he grows up in uncertainty, despair and distrust due to the lack of justice. This gives rise to jealousy, revenge and an immoral mentality in society. Islam reminds us that unjust delay is equal to injustice.

The Hadith states: ‘Whoever neglects his children, he is deprived of the mercy of Allah.’

Injustice towards children harms not only the individual but also the entire society. Discrimination and fraud lead to physical and mental abuse in the family, lack of trust and disruption of the mental development of children. A child who is subjected to neglect, discrimination or oppression from an early age may grow up to repeat injustice in society or develop into a person full of fear and distrust.

In Bangladesh, the law for the rights of the child and family justice is clearly regulated.

According to the Penal Code, 1860, physical or mental exploitation of a child, fraud and embezzlement of money are serious crimes. According to Section 325, physical harm or cruel treatment is punishable by seven years imprisonment and fine. According to Sections 372 and 374, mental or financial exploitation is punishable by 10 years imprisonment and fine. According to Section 364(A), fraud or embezzlement of property is punishable by life imprisonment or fine. In addition, according to the Maintenance Act, 2013, parents are obliged to provide for the life, education and medical treatment of the child.

Therefore, it is the responsibility of the state and society to protect the rights of children and establish family justice. The rights of children can be ensured through family arbitration, moral education and awareness-raising by the society and local community. Awareness must be created in the society through education of family justice and Islamic sense of responsibility in mosques, madrasas and schools.

Protecting the rights of children, preventing discrimination and establishing justice are not only a matter of religious morality, but also a serious responsibility of society and the state. If the father does not do justice while he is alive, it threatens the child's mental safety, educational development and moral growth. Both society and the state must actively play a role in establishing justice and protecting children's rights.

Therefore, ensuring justice and children's rights in the family is a combination of the moral guidance of Islam, social peace and the legal responsibility of the state. The moral responsibility of every parent is to ensure equal treatment of children and their due rights. The responsibility of the state is to legally and socially ensure that no child is harmed by discrimination, fraud or neglect.

Establishing justice in the family is not just a family value, it is a reflection of the moral foundation of society, the safe future of children and the responsibility of the state. If families, society and the state come together, we can ensure that our children grow up in the light of justice, faith and humanity.

How Pluto lost its planet status

Pluto was once known as the ninth planet in the solar system. Its discovery in 1930 opened a new chapter in space science. For 70 years, Pluto was considered the symbol of the outermost boundary of the solar system. But in August 2006, the International Astronomical Union made a historic decision that resulted in Pluto losing its planetary status. It was reclassified as a 'dwarf planet'.

-Pluto was once known as the ninth planet in the solar system.

The first official definition of a planet was set at that conference in Prague, the capital of the Czech Republic. Scientists said that for an object to be recognized as a planet, it must meet three conditions—it must orbit the Sun, be nearly spherical in shape due to its own gravity, and be able to exert gravitational influence over all objects in its orbit.

Pluto meets the first two conditions, but fails the third condition. Because it cannot exert gravitational influence on other objects in its orbit.

According to scientists, Pluto is located outside the Sun in the Kuiper Belt region. There is a crowd of small objects containing ice and rock. Pluto's mass is much less than other objects in its orbit, so it cannot exert exclusive influence in that region. For example, Earth has established gravitational control over almost all objects in its orbit, but Pluto could not.

Cosmic objects that meet the first two conditions but fail to fulfill the third condition are called 'dwarf planets'. Currently, Pluto, along with Eris, Ceres, Haumea, and Makemake, are in this category.

This classification has made astronomy more precise and has made it easier to understand the structure of the solar system. Although Pluto is no longer a full-fledged planet, it is still considered a very important dwarf planet in the study of astronomers.

People also inherit mental illnesses from their ancestors!

Not only intelligence but also mental problems are genetically inherited from primitive ancestors. The human brain has evolved over millions of years. There have also been changes in the gene sequence. A recent study shows that genes related to mental problems appeared about 475,000 years ago. No evidence of the existence of modern humans (Homo sapiens) has been found in that ancient period.

The oldest evidence of modern humans is found in Morocco, Africa. The fossil found there is estimated to be about three hundred thousand years old. It is not known whether modern humans existed before that. It is assumed that modern humans appeared on earth from that time. Before that (about seven to two hundred thousand years ago), the ancient human species Homo heiselbergensis roamed the earth. Although there is no evidence that modern humans evolved directly from them. Recent research results indicate that genes related to mental problems existed on earth even before the emergence of modern humans.

There are different opinions about who the closest ancestors of humans are. However, according to the prevailing opinions, the living ancestors of humans include chimpanzees and bonobo monkeys (their physical structure is slightly different from that of ordinary chimpanzees). Human genes are largely similar to these two animals (about 98 percent). Human evolution began approximately 5 million years ago by separating from chimpanzees and bonobos. Since then, the size of the human brain has increased by about three times.

Fossils of primitive humans provide an idea of ​​the size of their brains. But fossils cannot provide much information about what their brains were capable of doing at that time. For this information, research on the human body's genes is required. Recently, several studies have shown that along with the human gene sequence, there have been changes in intelligence, brain size, and height. Even genetic sequences have been associated with various types of diseases.

Ilan Libedinsky, a researcher at the Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research in Amsterdam, Netherlands, conducted research on these two fields together. In it, Libedinsky and his colleagues found that genes related to human intelligence appeared about 500,000 years ago. After that, some genes that are currently associated with mental problems also appeared. Libedinsky said that the study suggests that both intelligence and mental illness appeared in humans along with the evolution of the brain and genes.

For this information, researchers tried to find the original source of the 33,000 different genes found in modern humans. It was found that those genes appeared between the last 3 million and 4,000 years. Relatively new genes appeared in the last 60,000 years. In fact, it is believed that Homo sapiens left Africa and spread to other continents during that time.

Researchers have also created a 'timeline' of which genes appeared at which time. For example, genes related to digestive disorders appeared about 800,000 years ago. The genome-related issues that are currently associated with cancer appeared approximately 590,000 years ago. Genes related to mental problems were not seen at this time.

After this, genes related to advanced human intelligence appeared. For example, genes related to the ability to solve problems logically in a new situation. They evolved about 500,000 years ago. The study also found that genes related to mental health problems appeared shortly after genes related to intelligence. These genes appeared about 475,000 years ago. Much later, over the past 50,000 years, genes related to language evolved. Even later, genes related to alcoholism and depression appeared in humans.

Muslim patronage of science during the Abbasid era

From the early days of the Abbasid Caliphate, the caliphs showed a keen interest in translation and acquiring the knowledge, science and culture of other nations. They spent a lot of money on translating foreign language books into Arabic, and each of them played an important role in the development of this movement. This translation movement not only facilitated the exchange of knowledge, but also ushered in a new era in the development of the Arabic language and Islamic civilization.

The era of Caliph Mansur (754-775 AD)

The Abbasid Caliph Mansur was one of the pioneers of this translation movement.

During his reign, many books were translated from foreign languages ​​into Arabic. Of particular note is the Kalila wa Dimna, an Indian collection of proverbs originally written in Sanskrit. It was first translated into Persian and later translated into Arabic by Ibn al-Muqaffa. Through this, the influence of Indian thought and culture began to enter the Arabic world through Persian culture.

Patronage of astronomy and science

Caliph Mansur was not only interested in translating literature or philosophy; he also paid equal attention to science, especially astronomy and astrology. It is said that he was the first caliph to appoint astrologers to the royal court and, with their help, to prepare a star chart (astronomical table). An important role behind this interest was played by Nawbakht al-Farsi, who was a prominent astrologer of the time and a close advisor to al-Mansur. The caliphs of the Abbasid era are particularly memorable in history not only as rulers, but also as patrons of knowledge and culture.

Their efforts translated the knowledge of Greek, Persian and Indian civilizations into Arabic, ushering in a golden age of Islamic civilization. Caliph Mansur was not satisfied with the limitations of Persian astronomy and astrology. His goal was to expand the scope of knowledge, so during his reign, many important books on astronomy, planetary motion and various branches of astronomy were translated. Notable among these were the Indian book 'Sindhind', the famous astronomical book 'Almagest' by the Greek scholar Ptolemy, Aristotle's book on logic, Euclid's book on geometry and books on arithmetic. Through these translations, the foundations of Greek philosophy, mathematics, logic and science entered the Arabic world and later had a profound impact on Islamic thought.

Translation activities were also active in the field of medicine. Abu Yahya al-Batriq achieved particular fame during the reign of al-Mansur. He translated many works by the Greek physicians Hippocrates and Galen into Arabic, which played a fundamental role in the development of Islamic medicine.

The era of Caliph Harun al-Rashid (786–809 AD)

The translation movement reached its peak during the reign of Caliph Harun al-Rashid, the successor of al-Mansur. Under his patronage, the famous Bait al-Hikmah, the ‘House of Wisdom’ or ‘Storehouse of Knowledge’, was established, which was a library, research laboratory and translation center. Many skilled translators were employed there and a large number of books were imported from the Byzantine Empire (the country of the Romans). The supervisor of this huge undertaking was the famous physician and translator Yuhanna ibn Maswaih. He wrote many books on medicine and pharmacology. In addition, Jibril ibn Bukhtishu, who was al-Rashid’s chief physician, also translated and wrote several books on medicine and logic; one of his famous works is ‘The Introduction to the Art of Logic’.

The Role of the Barmakid Family

The Barmakid family’s contribution to the spread of the translation movement was unique. They generously sponsored the Arabic translation of many books from Greek, Persian and Indian languages ​​and gave financial rewards to skilled translators. Not only that, they also took the initiative to re-translate some of the previously translated books, so that the translations would be more accurate and clear.

The development of the translation movement during the era of Caliph al-Ma'mun and its impact

In the history of the Abbasid Caliphate, the era of Caliph al-Ma'mun (813-833 AD) is called the golden age of translation and scientific awakening. During his time, the translation movement reached a new height. Because under his patronage, the famous 'Baitul Hikma' or House of Wisdom was established, which was a translation center, library and research laboratory all in one.

Observatory and scientific institutions

A famous astronomical observatory was built during the era of Caliph al-Ma'mun, which is immortalized in history by his name. The prominent astronomer Yahya ibn Abi Mansur was entrusted with its supervision. Within a short time, this observatory transformed into a large astronomical and mathematical school, where scholars focused on practical research. From this institution, more advanced research was conducted, going beyond the ancient Greek knowledge base. Here, scientists created new and accurate tables related to planetary motion and achieved extraordinary success in measuring the spherical circumference of the Earth, enabling them to measure two degrees of the Earth, which was a revolutionary scientific achievement for the time.

Impact of the Translation Movement: Thought, Literature and Culture The translation movement in the early Abbasid period not only spread knowledge, it profoundly transformed Arabic thought and culture. Philosophy, science and literary practice gained new life. For the first time, the scientific method was added to the stream of knowledge of human civilization. This gave rise to a new scientific renaissance, whose influence reached beyond the Islamic world to Europe.

1. Mathematics and Algebra: During this era, Al-Khwarizmi was one of the pioneers of mathematics, astronomy and geography. He was one of the best scientists working in the observatory of Caliph Mamun. A new branch called 'algebra' was born from his research, which later spread throughout the world. The word 'Algorithm' originated from his name.

2. Chemistry: Jabir ibn Hayyan is known as the father of chemistry. He laid the foundation of science through experimental research. He introduced many theories related to metals, elixirs and chemical reactions, which are considered the basis of modern chemistry.

3. Medicine and Anatomy: There was also great progress in the development of medicine during this era. Yuhanna ibn Maswaih, who was a physician and anatomist, was the first to apply dissection to monkeys in research. His efforts opened up new horizons in anatomy and recognized him as one of the founders of Arab medical research.

4. Rhythm and Musicology: Al-Khalil ibn Ahmad al-Farahidi established the science of prosody through his translated Greek and Persian music books. He revolutionized the genre of Arabic poetry and song by determining the rules of rhythm and meter. His book on the ‘Science of Rhythm’ was so influential that the famous musician Ishaq al-Mawsili adopted it as the standard method in his musicology. Thus, this huge movement of translation and research during the era of the Abbasid Caliph al-Ma’mun not only enriched Arabic literature and thought, but also left a permanent mark on the history of world knowledge. The House of Wisdom and the Observatory he founded became a symbol of the advancement of science and culture in Islamic civilization, where a bridge was built between ancient knowledge and modern exploration.

The strangest cities in the world!

 

-The centuries-old village of Hallstatt, located in the Salzkammergut region of Austria, is named after an ancient salt mine. The word "hall" probably comes from the Celtic word for salt.

A town usually refers to an area, which is basically bigger than a village but smaller than a city. It has its own government, name and boundaries. It has a market, and even people living scattered around. However, some towns are exceptional. Absolutely strange. Although they look like other towns, they are actually uninhabited. Some are inhabited by only one person, while others have an entire town living under one roof.

'Replica Hallstatt' or 'Hallstatt 2.0', an exact copy of Hallstatt in Austria

The centuries-old village of Hallstatt in Austria is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. And why not! This ‘Hallstatt’ in Austria is like a place straight out of a European fairy tale. Surrounded by UNESCO architecture and centuries-old monuments, the town has a tranquil river and picturesque mountains, which further enhance its beauty.

‘Hallstatt’ is so charming that in 2012, China decided to build an exact replica of the village. At a cost of about a billion dollars, this project was created in every detail of the real Austrian village, even its church and town square were imitated perfectly. It was built in the Guangdong province of China. The project, sponsored by a Chinese billionaire, caused a huge sensation among the residents of the real Hallstatt, as they knew nothing about the project. Later, the residents of Hallstatt in Austria (including the mayor) visited the fake town. They said they were proud that the city was copied, but they didn't like the way it was done. They think the buildings were copied, but they should have met with the owners and asked for permission. The company called Minmetals, which built the city, sent its workers to Hallstatt, Austria, to take pictures from there.

-Marloth Park in the northeastern part of South Africa is a unique wildlife sanctuary and a holiday destination for people from far and wide.

Marloth Park South Africa

Located on the border of the Kruger National Park, Marloth Park is a gem in South Africa. It offers a variety of activities and a peaceful environment for guests and visitors to enjoy. It also serves as a sanctuary for wildlife. According to experts, Marloth itself is an ideal place for a variety of activities and a peaceful environment. It is home to a variety of wildlife such as lions, elephants, hippos and crocodiles. The town is unique for several reasons. Among them, despite the fear of wildlife attacks, the locals cannot build walls around their homes. The only wall in the park is only 1.2 meters (4 feet) high, which is mainly designed to keep people out of the park, not to keep animals inside. Wildlife roaming freely in the town is a common sight. However, thieves enter homes through windows and steal things from refrigerators. Elephants and giraffes block the roads. Lion attacks on humans are also not uncommon. A few years ago, a lion attacked, killed and ate a thief. The police only found the thief's head and one leg. After this incident, the city residents left the lions. Although some say that the thief was shot while fleeing and his body was eaten by the lions. Others say that the lions will help control the increasing theft in the city. However, cyclists are often attacked. This is said to be racially motivated. Because most white residents have cars, and cyclists are mainly black. Who commute to work.

The US Army's 'training city' Asymmetric Warfare Training Center, Virginia

A new city has been built in Caroline County, Northern Virginia, which has a school, a church, a mosque, a subway station, tunnels, bridges and a five-story embassy. But no one lives in this city. Because this is not an ordinary city, but a training center for the US Army worth about $ 90.1 million. Where the US Army trains its soldiers. The city is called the Asymmetric Warfare Training Center (AWTC). This training center was built under a special mission called the Asymmetric Warfare Group. The city was modeled after Iraq and Afghanistan. In 2006, this group of IEDs will train soldiers to face the challenges of modern urban warfare. According to the Army, the training center will create a “complex operational environment.” According to military analysts, the battlefield of the 21st century will no longer be open fields, but rather narrow spaces inside the city. Hence the US administration's training initiative.

-The Haunted City of Ordos

China

China's largest ghost town is Ordos. Most of the new buildings here are empty or incomplete. But once this area was supposed to be home to 1 million people, only 100,000 people live there now. It is known that 2 percent of the city is still unused. The rest is empty and abandoned. The story of this city began about 25 years ago. In the early 2000s, when coal mines were discovered in Mongolia. Coal mining also began. And Chinese mining companies dug up the green pastures of Mongolia and created open-pit coal mines. Local farmers became rich overnight by selling their land. New jobs were created and the constant movement of coal trucks made the roads busy. Coal mining also made the old city of Ordos prosperous. But today the city is almost deserted. Chinese officials spent more than 1 billion dollars to build the city of Ordos. Because, investors at that time built settlements centered around coal mines. They built huge buildings (apartments). The goal was to rent out. But demand couldn’t keep up with the builders, and many investors moved out or went bankrupt before the buildings were completed. According to French photographer Raphael Olivier, the once-deserted city is now “a beautiful city of contrasts.” Today, the streets are lined with unfinished houses. Those who were in the city are also moving elsewhere. In just five years, the price per square foot has fallen from $1,100 to $470. Investors have lowered prices to encourage people to move in.

-Longyearbyen

Norway

Longyearbyen; the last city in the world's northernmost point. It is a place in the Svalbard archipelago of Norway, which is at once strange, wild and poetic. The town, nestled in the Arctic Ocean, is one of the most isolated towns in the world. The population is less than 2,500. Yet it is the capital of the Svalbard archipelago. This small town, located deep in the Arctic Circle, is a place where colorful houses and polar bears coexist. Surprisingly, the local polar bears outnumber humans (3,000 polar bears), so for self-defense, the locals carry licensed firearms, which is a common sight here. This small town has a church, ATM booth, museum, post office, airport and university. Its residents do not stay long; on average, they live here for a little over six years. However, it is a city in the Arctic region where death is also prohibited. Because the extreme cold does not allow the body to decompose. Sick or dying people are taken by plane or ship to another part of Norway. And if someone dies suddenly, they are buried elsewhere. Scientists removed tissue from a person who died a few years ago and tested it for traces of the 1917 pandemic virus. The sun does not set in this region for three months of the year (November to January), which is known as the polar night. Keeping cats is also banned in the city. This decision was made to protect local birds.

-‘Monowi’ is a one-man city!

Nebraska

Monowee is a unique place in Nebraska. Although it is not a recreation center, it is still one of the most popular places in America. Because, it is a one-person town! Monowee is an incorporated village in Boyd County. According to the current US census, this village has only one resident, Elsie Eiler. She is 77 years old. She runs the town's tavern, where many people from neighboring towns visit every day. Elsie's tavern is not only a liquor store; it is also the social center of the town. In addition, Elsie has a large library, where her husband's collection of more than 5,000 books is kept. Visitors can borrow as many books as they want. The library is a living monument to this village, where the stories and memories of Monowee's past are intertwined. It is the smallest town in the United States in terms of population. Monowee was founded in 1903, when the Mason, Elkhorn and Missouri Valley Railroad reached this place. A post office was established here in 1902, which operated until 1967. Its peak period was in the 1930s, when the population was 150. In 2018, the village was featured in advertisements for Arabic and Prudential. Monowi was also used as the starting point for the world's largest advertising poster, which was completed in 2018.

-Busingen um Hochrein

Germany

The biggest example of how much controversy a country's border can cause is the German village of Büsingen am Hochrin, surrounded by Switzerland. This small village in Germany is geographically strange and exceptional. It is located in southern Germany and has a population of only 1,519. It is separated from mainland Germany by a narrow strip of land about 700 meters wide. Due to the unusual location of the village, it feels more like a Swiss town than a German city. Although it is part of the Swiss system economically, the law and administration are under German control. Daily life in this village is therefore bound by a dual reality. The residents here transact in Swiss francs, but have to pay income taxes to Germany. Although primary education is based on the German structure, parents have the opportunity to choose the country in secondary school. Even its phone number has two countries! That is, it can use the codes of both Germany and Switzerland. This strange situation began in the seventeenth century - due to religious conflicts and political reasons. In a referendum in 1919, 96 percent of the people wanted to be part of Switzerland, but Germany did not give in. The border dispute remained even after World War II. Finally, in 1967, Germany-Switzerland incorporated it into Swiss territory, and border controls were lifted.

-The suburb of Colma, in San Mateo County, California, USA, has 1,600 living residents but more than 1.5 million graves.

Colma, the City of the Dead

California

Most cities in America are famous for their shopping malls, Walmarts, and multiple restaurants. But Colma, a city in San Mateo County, California, is famous for its cemeteries. There are 17 cemeteries in this city. That is why it is called the 'City of the Dead'. That is, the number of dead people in this city is more than the number of living people. Basically, since most of the land in this city is designated for cemeteries, the number of dead people here is about 1000:1 times more than the number of living people. In 1924, the then local government of the city established Colma as a necropolis (burial ground). Of course, there was a reason for this, because in the 1900s, the first cemeteries were moved to the suburbs of Colma. Since then, the number of dead people here has increased many times more than the number of living people. Then, in the 1920s, as San Francisco gradually became a sprawling metropolis, the city's cemeteries were moved to Colma. But the real history of this suburb dates back to the Gold Rush of 1849, when thousands of people migrated to nearby San Francisco. However, they brought with them diseases, which led to an increase in the number of deaths. By the 1880s, San Francisco's 26 cemeteries were full. In 1900, the local government banned new burials in San Francisco. They said that the land was more valuable than the cemeteries. Because at that time, San Francisco was a busy city that was growing rapidly. Unfortunately, the city was a huge ammunition dump full of densely populated wooden houses, where major disasters were just waiting to happen. The terrible earthquake of 1906 turned San Francisco into a city of the dead. The number of graves also increased. As a result, in 1914, local authorities ordered all the bodies in the cemetery to be removed to Colma. Since then, the city's slogan has been "It's great to be alive in Colma!"

-The Villages

Florida

Rows of houses along tree-lined streets, residents strolling along golf courses, chatter in town squares and lively concerts at night – it all sounds like a dream, but it is reality. This is ‘The Villages’, which is called ‘Florida’s retirement city’. Here, from home to healthcare, shopping, entertainment and sports, even restaurants; everything is only for adults. Because the city is built just for retirees. Spread over an area larger than Manhattan. Located just 45 minutes north of Orlando in Central Florida. In the 1960s, Michigan businessman Harold Schwartz started this idea by buying land in Florida. First, he built a trailer park called Orange Blossom Gardens. Later, with his son Gary Morse, he added facilities such as banks, shops and a golf course. In 1992, it was called ‘The Villages’. Later, the population grew rapidly. Now there are more than 125,000 residents. The community, which spans three counties, has 50 golf courses, more than 2,500 clubs and activities, and three town squares. However, children are not allowed in the town, which has been plagued by controversy and drug and sex scandals.

-Whittier

Alaska

Whittier is a wonderful city. This small town is known worldwide for a unique feature. Almost all the residents of this suburb live in a 14-story building called Begich Towers. This one building, built during World War II (a 1956 army barracks), houses a hospital, school, city offices, and shops! As a result, residents do not even need to step outside for months at a time. It receives about 22 feet of snow a year, which is a thousand times more than the average snowfall in the United States. About 220 people live in this extreme climate year-round. Their only means of income are fishing, tourism, rail, and ferry services. The only land access to this city is a rail tunnel. There is a chance to travel once every hour and there is no chance to return after 10:30 pm. Before 2001, this was not possible either; then, the only hope was the train and boat that ran only a few times a week.

Some other strange cities in the world

1. ‘Replica Hallstatt’ or ‘Hallstatt 2.0’ is a luxurious residential area and tourist center for the rich. It has churches, lakes and perfect imitations of European architecture

2. Marloth Park is a wildlife sanctuary and holiday town, located south of the Kruger National Park. The Crocodile River borders the park

3. Asymmetric Warfare Training Center is a small town where the United States used to train soldiers. However, it was declared extinct in 2021

4. Longyearbyen, the administrative center of the Svalbard region. It is originally a Norwegian city, where about 2,400 residents from 53 countries live

5. Ordos is a city in Inner Mongolia, China, which is a city rich in cultural heritage and is known as a modern planned ‘ghost city’

6. Monowi is the smallest city in America. With one resident! He is the mayor, treasurer, clerk and even the only businessman in the city

7. Colma is a small town in California, which was founded in 1924 as a necropolis (burial ground). It has more dead people than living

8. Whittier - It is called the 'city of one house'. It is the home of all the residents of the city. The city in southwestern Alaska is almost isolated from the outside world

9. Although surrounded by Switzerland, the small German-owned town of Busingen am Hochrein has maintained its bi-national existence for centuries

10. America's 'The Villages', which is called 'Florida's largest retirement city'. Which is known as the best retirement city in the United States

Why is 'Windows 10' important? 'Windows 10' is being discontinued! What does Bill Gates' 'Microsoft' say?

Microsoft's Windows is the world's most popular computer operating system, used on more than 1.4 billion devices worldwide. One of them, Windows 10, will have a huge impact on both consumers and the environment if it is discontinued...

-Microsoft is encouraging users to update to Windows 11

Big changes are coming for Windows computer users. Microsoft has officially announced that it will end support for Windows 10 on October 14. That is, after that date, the operating system will no longer receive any security updates or security patches. As a result, older computers will be at risk of cyber attacks and malware infections. Microsoft is now encouraging users to upgrade to Windows 11 for free. However, not all computers are suitable for the new version, as Windows 11 requires specific hardware, including modern processors and a TPM 2.0 chip. Nathan Proctor, senior director of US consumer group PIRG, said, “The end of support for Windows 10 is a big blow to both consumers and the environment.” According to him, this decision will increase unnecessary e-waste and force Windows users to buy new devices unnecessarily.

Who will be affected?

Microsoft says that more than 1.4 billion devices worldwide are using Windows, of which about 43 percent still run Windows 10 (StatCounter, July 2025). UK consumer guide Wich estimates that about 21 million people are still using Windows 10. A quarter of them said they would continue to use it even after support ends; and nearly one in seven are planning to buy a new computer. Many consumer groups have criticized the decision. “We want technology that is long-lasting and sustainable,” says Proctor. “People are tired of devices that break or lose support quickly.”

What are the options?

Microsoft has given users two main options –

♦ Upgrade to Windows 11, or

♦ Join the Extended Security Updates (ESU) program.

These options can be done from the ‘Settings > Privacy and Security’ menu. Users can upgrade to Windows 11 for free if they have a compatible PC. However, many older devices do not support the new system. Those who don't want to upgrade now can sign up for the ESU program to receive important security updates until October 2026. However, it won't include new features or technical support. Users in the European Economic Area (EEA) will get ESU for free upon registration. For others, it will be available for free or for a fee, depending on conditions. To be eligible, your PC must be running the latest version of Windows 10, have a Microsoft account, and have a backup. Otherwise, you'll need to pay a $30 (about £22) fee or use 1,000 Microsoft Rewards points. For business users, the cost is about $61 per device, which can vary by region.

What's changing?

Windows 10, released in 2015, was updated with regular software updates. These updates were used to patch security flaws, fix bugs, and add new features. However, Microsoft is now advising users to move to Windows 11, which has become more difficult to use without a Microsoft account. As a result, many users are hesitant about the change due to privacy concerns.

What are the risks?

Windows 10 PCs will no longer receive security updates once support ends. This will increase the risk of viruses, malware and ransomware attacks. In recent months, retailers, car manufacturers and even educational institutions have been the victims of major cyberattacks, which shows the level of risk. Microsoft's consumer CMO Yusuf Mehdi said that using unsupported software can create problems not only in terms of security, but also in terms of legality and regulatory compliance. In addition, you will notice that the functionality of other software may decrease, as developers will stop shipping their latest features to older operating systems. As a result, these systems will become practically obsolete over time. That is, an era of Windows 10 is coming to an end, and users will now have to decide - upgrade, security extensions, or remain at risk.

Source: BBC

What a believer should do upon waking up! and also Sleep is essential for a healthy life.

Allah Almighty mentions sleep as a blessing in the Holy Quran and says, ‘We have made your sleep a relief from fatigue. We have made the night a covering.’ Surah An-Naba: 9-10.

The closing of the eyes in sleep is the final closing of many people’s lives. They go to the afterlife. Therefore, just as sleep is a blessing from Allah Almighty, waking up from sleep is also a blessing from Allah Almighty. There are several Sunnahs that a Muslim should do after waking up from sleep.

The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) used to sleep first after the Isha prayer and used to wake up from sleep first at the end of the night. So the Sunnah is to wake up from sleep in the last third of the night. The last third of the night is a unique opportunity to gain forgiveness and closeness from Allah.

Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) said, “Allah descends to the heaven nearest to the earth every night when the last third of the night remains and says, ‘Who is there who calls upon Me? I will respond to his call. Who is there who asks of Me? I will give it to him. Who is there who asks for My forgiveness? I will forgive him.’ Sahih Bukhari: 1145.

Being able to open your eyes is a mercy from Allah. Therefore, it is necessary to thank Allah upon waking up. The Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) would wake up and thank Him through supplication. Hudhayfah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: “The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) would wake up at night and say: ‘All praise is due to Allah, Who has given us life after death, and to Him we shall be resurrected.’” Sahih Bukhari: 6312.

It is Sunnah to recite the last ten verses of Surah Al-Imran upon waking up to remove the effects of sleep from the face. It is narrated on the authority of Abdullah ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) that he was spending the night with his aunt, Maymuna (may Allah be pleased with her), the wife of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). He said, "I was lying on the width of the bed, and the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and his family were lying on the length of the bed. Then the Prophet (ﷺ) fell asleep. Before or after midnight, the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) woke up and sat up, then he passed his hands over his face to remove the feeling of sleep. Then he recited the last ten verses of Surah Al-Imran. Sahih Bukhari: 183.

Then, urinating and defecating when necessary and using the miswak are important Sunnahs of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) said, "Whenever the Prophet (ﷺ) got up from sleep during the day or at night, he would use the miswak before performing ablution." Abu Dawud: 57.

Then, performing ablution thoroughly, praying 2 rak'ahs in 6 sets of 12 rak'ahs of Tahajjud in the morning is an important Sunnah to perform after waking up from sleep. Abdullah ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) woke up from his sleep... Then he stood up and went to an old waterskin or vessel that was hanging. He took water from it and performed ablution. Then he stood up to pray. I stood up and performed ablution like the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him). Then I stood next to him. The Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) placed his right hand on my head. Then he prayed two rak'ahs, then. Then he prayed Witr and rested until the muezzin came. The muezzin called the adhan. He prayed two short rak'ahs, then went out and prayed Fajr.' Sahih Bukhari: 183.